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Glossary of Common Dental Terms

Used with permission from the American Dental Association

 

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A - D     E - L     M - P     Q - Z
 

M

 

Maintenance, Periodontal

Therapy for preserving the state of health of the periodontium.

Malar

Pertaining to the cheek bone; see zygomatic bone.

Malignant

Having the properties of dysplasia, invasion, and metastasis.

Malocclusion

Improper alignment of biting or chewing surfaces of upper and lower teeth.

Maryland Bridge

Fixed partial denture feature conservative retainers which are resin bonded to abutments; see code D6545.

Maxilla

The upper jaw.

Mesial

Toward the midline of the dental arch; opposite of distal.

Metals, Classification of

The noble metal classification system has been adopted as a more precise method of reporting various alloys used in dentistry. The alloys are defined on the basis of the percentage of noble metal content: high noble – Gold (Au), Palladium (Pd), and/or Platinum (Pt) ≥ 60% (with at least 40% Au); noble – Gold (Au), Palladium (Pd), and/or Platinum (Pt) ≥ 25%; and predominantly base – Gold (Au), Palladium (Pd), and/or Platinum < 25%.

Molar

Teeth posterior to the premolars (bicuspids) on either side of the jaw; grinding teeth, having large crowns and broad chewing surfaces.

Moulage

A positive reproduction of a body part formed on a cast from a negative impression.

Mucous Membrane

Lining of the oral cavity as well as other canals and cavities of the body; also called "mucosa."

N

 

Non-Autogenous

A graft from donor other than patient.

O

 

Obturator

A disc or plate which closes an opening; a prosthesis that closes an opening in the plate.

Occlusal

Pertaining to the biting surfaces of the premolar and molar teeth or contacting surfaces of opposing teeth or opposing occlusion rims.

Occlusal Radiograph

An intraoral radiograph made with the film being held between the occluded teeth.

Occlusion

Any contact between biting or chewing surfaces of maxillary (upper) and mandibular (lower) teeth.

Odontogenic Cyst

See cyst.

Odontoplasty

Adjustment of tooth length, size, and/or shape; includes removal of enamel projections.

Onlay

An indirect restoration made outside the oral cavity that overlays a cusp or cusps of the tooth, which is then luted to the tooth.

Open Reduction

Re-approximation of fractured bony segments accomplished through cutting the adjacent soft tissues and bone to allow direct access.

Operculectomy

Removal of the operculum.

Operculum

The flap of tissue over an unerupted or partially erupted tooth.

Oral

Pertaining to the mouth.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon

A dental specialist whose practice is limited to the diagnosis, surgical and adjunctive treatment of diseases, injuries, deformities, defects and esthetic aspects of the oral and maxillofacial regions.

Oral Pathology

The specialty of dentistry and pathology concerned with recognition, diagnosis, investigation and management of diseases of the oral cavity, jaws, and adjacent structures.

Orthodontist

A dental specialist whose practice is limited to the interception and treatment of malocclusion of the teeth and their surrounding structures.

Orthognathic

Functional relationship of maxilla and mandible.

Osteoplasty

Surgical procedure that modifies the configuration of bone.

Osteotomy

Surgical cutting of bone.

Overdenture

A removable prosthetic device that overlies and may be supported by retained tooth roots or implants.

P

 

Palate

The hard and soft tissues forming the roof of the mouth that separates the oral and nasal cavities.

Palliative

Action that relieves pain but is not curative.

Panoramic Radiograph

An extraoral radiograph on which the maxilla and mandible are depicted on a single film.

Parafunctional

Other than normal function or use.

Partial Denture

Usually refers to a prosthetic device that replaces missing teeth; (see fixed partial denture or removable partial denture).

Patient

An individual who has established a professional relationship with a dentist for the delivery of dental health care. For matters relating to communication of information and consent this term includes the patient’s parent, caretaker, guardian, or other individual as appropriate under state law and the circumstances of the case.

Pediatric Dentist

A dental specialist whose practice is limited to treatment of children from birth through adolescence; formerly known as a pedodontist.

Pedodontist

See pediatric dentist.

Periapical

The area surrounding the end of the tooth root.

Periapical Abscess

See abscess.

Periapical Cyst

See cyst.

Periapical Radiograph

A radiograph made by the intraoral placement of film for disclosing the apices of the teeth.

Pericoronal

Around the crown of a tooth.

Periodic Oral Evaluation

See evaluation.

Periodontal

Pertaining to the supporting and surrounding tissues of the teeth.

Periodontal Abscess

See abscess.

Periodontal Disease

Inflammatory process of the gingival tissues and/or periodontal membrane of the teeth, resulting in an abnormally deep gingival sulcus, possibly producing periodontal pockets and loss of supporting alveolar bone.

Periodontal Pocket

Pathologically deepened gingival sulcus; a feature of periodontal disease.

Periodontist

A dental specialist whose practice is limited to the treatment of diseases of the supporting and surrounding tissues of the teeth.

Periodontitis

Inflammation and loss of the connective tissue of the supporting or surrounding structure of teeth with loss of attachment.

Periradicular

Surrounding a portion of the root of the tooth.

Plaque

A soft sticky substance that accumulates on teeth composed largely of bacteria and bacterial derivatives.

Pontic

The term used for an artificial tooth on a fixed partial denture (bridge).

Post

An elongated projection fitted and cemented within the prepared root canal, serving to strengthen and retain restorative material and/or a crown restoration.

Posterior

Refers to teeth and tissues towards the back of the mouth (distal to the canines) – maxillary and mandibular premolars and molars.

Precision Attachment

Interlocking device, one component of which is fixed to an abutment or abutments and the other is integrated into a fixed or removable prosthesis in order to stabilize and/or retain it.

Premedication

The use of medications prior to dental procedures.

Premolar

See bicuspid.

Primary Dentition

The first set of teeth; see deciduous.

Prophylaxis

Scaling and polishing procedure performed to remove coronal plaque, calculus, and stains.

Prosthesis:

Artificial replacement of any part of the body.

Dental Prosthesis

Any device or appliance replacing one or more missing teeth and/or, if required, associated structures. (This is a broad term which includes abutment crowns and abutment inlays/onlays, bridge, dentures, obturators, gingival prostheses);

Definitive Prosthesis

A prosthesis to be used over an extended period of time;

Fixed Prosthesis

Non-removable tooth or implant-borne dental prosthesis which is solidly attached to abutment teeth or roots or implants;

Interim Prosthesis

A provisional prosthesis designed for use over a limited period of time, after which it is to be replaced by a more definitive restoration;

Removable Prosthesis

Dental prosthesis designed to be removed and reinserted by the patient.

Prosthodontist

A dental specialist whose practice is limited to the restoration of the natural teeth and/or the replacement of missing teeth with artificial substitutes.

Provisional

Formed or preformed for temporary purposes or used over a limited period; a temporary or interim solution; usually refers to a prosthesis or individual tooth restoration.

Pulp

Connective tissue that contains blood vessels and nerve tissue which occupies the pulp cavity of a tooth.

Pulp Cavity

The space within a tooth which contains the pulp.

Pulpectomy

Complete removal of vital and non-vital pulp tissue from the root canal space.

Pulpitis

Inflammation of the dental pulp.

Pulpotomy

Surgical removal of a portion of the pulp with the aim of maintaining the vitality of the remaining portion by means of an adequate dressing; pulp amputation.

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