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Glossary of Common Dental Terms

Used with permission from the American Dental Association

 

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A

 

Abscess:

Acute of chronic, localized inflammation, with a collection of pus, associated with tissue destruction and, frequently, swelling, usually secondary to infection.

Periapical Abscess

Acute or chronic inflammation and pus formation at the end of a tooth root in the alveolar bone, secondary to infection;

Periradicular Abscess

Acute or chronic inflammation around a tooth root in the alveolar bone, secondary to infection;

Periodontal Abscess

Abscess of the gingiva or periodontal tissue to periodontal infection, as contrasted to periapical abscess or periradicular abscess.

Abutment

A tooth or implant used to support a prosthesis.

Abutment Crown

See crown.

Accession

Addition of a test specimen, previously collected by a health care provider, to a laboratory specimen collection; recording of essential specimen identification data in a laboratory-maintained file in chronological order of laboratory specimen acquisition; assignment to the specimen of an identification code.

Acid Etching

Use of an acidic chemical substance to prepare the tooth enamel and/or dentin surface to provide retention for bonding.

Adhesive

Any substance that joins or creates close adherence of two or more surfaces.

Allogenic

See Graft.

Alloplastic

Refers to synthetic material often used for tissue augmentation.

 

Alveolar

Referring to the bone to which a tooth is attached.

Alveoloplasty

Surgical procedure for recontouring alveolar structures, usually in preparation for a prosthesis.

Amalgam

An alloy used in direct dental restorations.

Analgesia

Loss of pain sensations without loss of consciousness.

Anatomical Crown

See Crown.

Anesthesia:

 

General Anesthesia

A controlled state of unconsciousness, accompanied by a partial or complete loss of protective reflexes, including loss of ability to independently maintain airway and respond purposefully to physical stimulation or verbal command, produced by a pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic method or combination thereof;

Intravenous Sedation/ Analgesia

A medically controlled state of depressed consciousness while maintaining the patient’s airway, protective reflexes and the ability to respond to stimulation or verbal commands. It includes intravenous administration of sedative and/or analgesic agent(s) and appropriate monitoring;

Local Anesthesia

The loss of pain sensation over a specific area of the anatomy without loss of consciousness;

Non-intravenous Conscious Sedation

A medically controlled state of depressed consciousness while maintaining the patient’s airway, protective reflexes and the ability to respond to stimulation or verbal commands. It includes administration of sedative and/or analgesic agent(s) by a route other than I; (PO, PR, Intranasal, IM) and appropriate monitoring;

Regional Anesthesia

A term used for local anesthesia; See local anesthesia.

Anterior

Refers to the teeth and tissues located toward the front of the mouth; maxillary and mandibular incisors and canines.

Anxiolysis

Reduction of anxiety utilizing a pharmacologic agent such as a Benzodiazepine or nitrous oxide.

Apicoectomy

Amputation of the apex of a tooth.

Apex

The tip or end of the root end of the tooth.

Arch, Dental

The curved composite structure of the natural dentition and the residual ridge, or the remains thereof, after the loss of some or all of the natural teeth.

Artificial Crown

See crown.

Autogenous

See graft.

Avulsion

Separation of tooth from its socket due to trauma (evulsion).

B

 

Benign

The mild character of an illness or the non-malignant character of a neoplasm.

Bicuspid

A premolar tooth; a tooth with two cusps.

Bilateral

Occurring on, or pertaining to, right and left sides.

Biopsy

Process of removing tissue for histologic evaluation.

Bitewing Radiograph

Interproximal view radiograph of the coronal portion of the tooth.

Bonding

Process by which two or more components are made integral by mechanical and/or chemical adhesion at their interface.

Bridge

See fixed partial denture and/or removable partial denture.

Bruxism

The parafunctional grinding of the teeth.

 

Buccal

Pertaining to or around the cheek (as in the buccal surface of a posterior tooth).

By Report

A narrative description used to report a service that does not have a procedure code or is specified in a code as "by report;" may be requested by a third-party payer to provide additional information for claims processing.

C

 

Calculus

Hard deposit of mineralized material adhering to crowns and/or roots of teeth.

Canal:

A relatively narrow tubular passage or channel;

Root Canal

Space inside the root portion of a tooth containing pulp tissue;

Mandibular Canal

The passage which transmits vessels and nerves through the jaw to branches that distribute them to the teeth.

Cantilever Extension

Part of a fixed prosthesis that is supported at only one end.

Caries

Commonly used term for tooth decay.

Cast

See diagnostic cast or study model.

Cavity

Decay in tooth caused by caries; also referred to as carious lesion.

Cephalometric Radiograph

A radiographic head film utilized in the scientific study of the measurements of the head with relation to specific reference points.

Cement Base

Material used under a filling to replace lost tooth structure.

Cementum

Hard connective tissue covering the tooth root.

 

Cleft Palate

Congenital deformity resulting in lack of fusion of the soft and/or hard palate, either partial or complete.

Clenching

The clamping and pressing of the jaws and teeth together in centric occlusion, frequently associated with psychological stress or physical effort.

Clinical Crown

See crown.

Closed Reduction

The re-approximation of segments of a fractured bone without open surgery.

Composite

A dental restorative material made up of disparate or separate parts (e.g., resin and quartz particles.).

Compound Fracture

Break in bone which is exposed to external contamination.

Comprehensive Oral Evaluation

See evaluation.

Coping

A thin covering of the coronal portion of the tooth usually without anatomic conformity. It can be used as a definitive restoration or as part of a transfer procedure.

Coronal

Refers to the clinical crown of a tooth.

Crown:

 

Anatomical Crown

That portion of tooth normally covered by, and including, enamel;

Abutment Crown

Artificial crown serving for the retention or support of a dental prosthesis;

Artificial Crown

Restoration covering or replacing the major part, or the whole of the clinical crown of a tooth;

Clinical Crown

That portion of a tooth not covered by supporting tissues.

Crown Lengthening

A surgical procedure exposing more tooth for restorative purposes by apically positioning the gingival margin and/or removing support bone.

Curettage

Scraping and cleaning the walls of a cavity or gingival pocket.

Cusp

Pointed or rounded eminence on or near the masticating surface of a tooth.

Cyst:

Pathological cavity, usually lined with epithelium, containing fluid or soft matter;

Odontogenic Cyst

Cyst derived from the epithelium of odontogenic tissue (developmental, primordial);

Periapical Cyst

Cyst at the apex of a tooth with a non-vital pulp.

D

 

Debridement

Removal of subgingival and/or supragingival plaque and calculus which obstructs the ability to perform an evaluation; removal of contused and devitalized tissue from a wound surface.

Decay

The lay term for carious lesions in a tooth; decomposition of tooth structure.

Deciduous

Having the property of falling off or shedding; a name used for the primary teeth.

Dental Prophylaxis

Scaling and polishing procedure performed to remove coronal plaque, calculus, and stains.

Dentin

That part of the tooth that is beneath enamel and cementum.

Dentition:

The teeth in the dental arch;

Permanent Dentition

Refers to the permanent teeth in the dental arch;

Deciduous Dentition

Refers to the deciduous or primary teeth in the dental arch.

Denture

An artificial substitute for natural teeth and adjacent tissues.

Denture Base

That part of a denture that makes contact with soft tissue and retains the artificial teeth.

 

Detailed and Extensive

See evaluation.

Diagnostic Cast

Plaster or stone model of teeth and adjoining tissues; also referred to as study model.

Diastema

A space, such as one between two adjacent teeth in the same dental arch.

Discectomy

Excision of the intra-articular disc of a joint.

Direct Pulp Cap

Procedure in which the exposed pulp is covered with a dressing or cement with he aim of maintaining pulp vitality.

Direct Restoration

A restoration fabricated inside the mouth.

Displaced Tooth

A partial evulsion of a tooth – may be mesial, distal, facial, lingual, or incisal.

Distal

Toward the back of the dental arch (or away from the midline).

Dry Socket

Localized inflammation of the tooth socket following extraction due to infection or loss of blood clot; osteitis.

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